 method to control the flow of fluid in a well bore extending through an underground formation
专利摘要:
METHOD TO CONTROL FLUID FLOW IN A WELL HOLE THROUGH UNDERGROUND FORMATION. Apparatus and methods are described to autonomously control the flow of fluid in a pipe in a well bore. A fluid flows through an inlet passage into an induction mechanism. A distribution of the fluid flow is established between the induction mechanism. The distribution of the fluid flow is altered in response to a change in the fluid characteristic over time. In response, the fluid flow through a downstream viscous switch arrangement is altered, thereby altering the fluid flow patterns in a downstream vortex arrangement. The method "selects" based on a characteristic of the fluid, such as viscosity, density, speed, flow rate, etc. The induction mechanism can take various forms, such as a wide passage, contour elements along the induction mechanism, or a curved passage section of the induction mechanism. The induction mechanism may include cavities formed in the passage wall, obstructions extending from the passage wall, fluid diodes, fluid diodes (...) 公开号:BR112013025884B1 申请号:R112013025884-5 申请日:2012-04-04 公开日:2020-07-28 发明作者:Michael L. Fripp；Jason D. Dykstra 申请人:Halliburton Energy Services, Inc； IPC主号:
专利说明:
Field of invention [0001] The invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for controlling an autonomous fluid valve, using a sticky switch or induction mechanism to control the flow of fluid, and more specifically, the use of such mechanisms to control the flow of fluid between an underground formation producing hydrocarbon and a tool column in a well bore. Background of the invention [0002] During the completion of a well that crosses an underground formation producing hydrocarbons, production pipes and various equipment are installed in the well to allow efficient and safe production of fluids. For example, to avoid the production of particulate matter from a freely consolidated or unconsolidated underground formation, certain completions include one or more sand control sieves positioned close to the desired production intervals. In other completions, to control the flow rate of the production fluids inside the production pipe it is common practice to install one or more inlet control devices with the completion column. [0003] Production from any given production pipe section can have several fluid components, such as natural gas, oil and water, with the production fluid changed in proportional composition over time. Thus, as the proportion of fluid components changes, the characteristics of the fluid flow will also change. For example, when the production fluid has a proportionally greater amount of natural gas, the viscosity of the fluid will be less and the density of the fluid will be less than when the fluid has a proportionally greater amount of oil. It is often desirable to reduce or avoid the production of one component in favor of another. For example, in an oil production well, it may be desirable to reduce or eliminate the production of natural gas and to maximize oil production. Although several downhole tools have been used to control the flow of fluids based on their convenience, the need has arisen for a flow control system to control fluid entry that is reliable in a variety of flow conditions. In addition, the need arose for a flow control system that operates autonomously, that is, in response to the change in well hole conditions and without the need for signals from the surface by the operator. In addition, the need arose for a flow control system without moving mechanical parts that are subject to breakage in adverse well conditions, including corrosive effects or sand clogging in the fluid. Similar questions arise regarding injection situations, with the flow of fluids entering instead of leaving the formation. Summary of the invention [0004] An apparatus and method are described to control the flow of fluid, autonomously, in a pipe positioned in a well bore extending through an underground formation of hydrocarbon production. In one method, a fluid is passing through an inlet passage inside an induction mechanism. A first distribution of the fluid flow is established between the outlet of the flow induction mechanism. The fluid flow is changed to a second flow distribution between the outlet of the flow induction mechanism in response to a change in the fluid characteristic over time. In response, the flow of fluid through a downstream viscous switch arrangement is altered, thereby altering fluid flow patterns in a downstream vortex arrangement. The fluid flow through the "select" vortex arrangement to flow a preferred characteristic, such as, more or less viscous, dense, of greater or lesser speed, etc., by inducing more or less spiraling flow through the vortex. [0005] The induction mechanism can have several embodiments. The induction mechanism may include an enlargement of the fluid passage, preferably from narrower at the upstream end and wider at the downstream end. Alternatively, the induction mechanism can include at least one contour element along at least one side of the induction mechanism. The contour elements can be cavities formed in the passage wall or obstructions extending from the passage wall. The induction mechanism can include fluid diodes ("fluid diodes"), Tesla fluid diodes ("Tesla fluid diodes"), a chicane, an abrupt change in the cross section of the passage, or a curved passage section. [0006] Downhole piping can include a plurality of flow control systems. Flow control systems can be used in production and injection methods. Autonomous flow control systems select a desired characteristic for the fluid as this characteristic changes over time. Brief description of the drawings [0007] For a more complete understanding of the characteristics and advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention, together with the attached figures, in which corresponding numbers in the different figures refer to corresponding parts, and in which: [0008] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a well system including a plurality of autonomous flow control systems incorporating the principles of the present invention; [0009] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a sieve system and an embodiment of a flow control system of the invention; [0010] Figure 3 is a schematic view representing a prior art of the autonomous flow control system 60 of the "jet control" type; [0011] Figures 4A-B are flowcharts comparing the prior art, jet control type of the autonomous valve arrangement, and the viscous switch type autonomous valve arrangement presented here; [0012] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of an autonomous valve of the viscous switch type, according to an aspect of the invention; [0013] Figures 6A-B are graphical representations of a relatively more viscous fluid flowing through the exemplary arrangement; [0014] Figures 7A-B are graphical representations of a relatively less viscous fluid flowing through the exemplary arrangement; [0015] Figure 8 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having an induction mechanism employing wall contour elements; [0016] Figure 9 is a schematic view in detail of an alternative embodiment of the invention, having an induction element including contour elements and a staggered cross-sectional shape; [0017] Figure 10 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having a fluidic diode in the form of cutouts, as contour elements in the induction mechanism; [0018] Figure 11 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having Tesla diodes ("Tesla diodes") along the first side of the fluid passage; and [0019] Figure 12 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having a chicane 214, or a section of the passage of the induction mechanism 141 having a plurality of folds 216 created by flow obstacles 218 and 220 positioned along the sides. of the passage. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the use of directional terms such as, above, below, top, bottom, up, down and the like, are used in relation to the illustrative embodiments as they are represented in the figures, the upward direction being towards the top of the corresponding figure, and the downward direction being towards the bottom of the corresponding figure. When this is not the case, and a term is being used to indicate necessary guidance, the description will indicate or do so clearly. Above the well and bottom are used to indicate the relative location or direction in relation to the surface, where the upstream indicates the relative position or movement in the direction of the surface along the well hole, and the downstream indicates the relative position or movement further away from the surface along the well hole, regardless of whether it is in a horizontal, offset or vertical well hole. The terms upstream and downstream are used to indicate the relative position or movement of fluid in relation to the direction of fluid flow. Detailed description of preferred embodiments [0020] Although the preparation and use of the various embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention provides applicable inventive concepts, which can be incorporated in a variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed here are illustrative of the specific ways of making and using the invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. [0021] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a well system, indicated in general by 10, including a plurality of autonomous flow control systems incorporating the principles of the present invention. A well hole 12 extends through several layers of soil. The borehole 12 has a substantially vertical section 14, the upper portion in which a cladding column 16 is installed there. The borehole 12 also has a substantially offset section 18, shown as horizontal, extending through an underground formation of hydrocarbon production 20 As illustrated, the substantially horizontal section 18 of well bore 12 is open bore. Although shown here in an open hole, the horizontal section of a well hole, the invention will work in any orientation, and in a coated or open hole. The invention will also work equally well with injection systems as will be discussed below. [0022] Positioned inside the well hole 12, and extending from the surface, is a pipe column 22. The pipe column 22 provides a conduit for the fluids to travel from the formation 20 upstream to the surface. Positioned inside the pipe column 22, at various production intervals adjacent to formation 20, is a plurality of autonomous flow control systems 25 and a plurality of production pipe sections 24. At each end of each pipe section of Production 24 is a plug 26 which provides a fluid seal between the pipe column 22 and the well hole wall 12. The space between each pair of adjacent shutters 26 defines a production interval. [0023] In the illustrated embodiment, each of the production pipe sections 24 includes a sand control feature. Sand control sieve elements or filter media associated with the production pipe sections 24 are designed to allow fluids to flow through them, but prevent sufficiently sized particulate material from flowing through them. Although the invention does not need to have a sand control sieve associated with it, if one is used, then the exact design of the sieve element associated with fluid flow control systems is not critical to the present invention. There are many designs for sand control sieves that are well known in the industry, and which will not be discussed in detail here. In addition, an external protective housing having a plurality of perforations through it, can be positioned around the outside of any filter medium. [0024] Through the use of flow control systems 25 of the present invention in one or more production intervals, some control over the volume and composition of the fluids produced is activated. For example, in an oil production operation if an undesirable fluid component, such as water, steam, carbon dioxide, or natural gas, is entering one of the production intervals, the flow control system in the interval will restrict , autonomously, or contain the production of fluid from the interval. [0025] The term "natural gas" as used herein, means a mixture of hydrocarbons (and varying amounts of non-hydrocarbons), which exist in a gas phase at ambient temperature and pressure. The term does not indicate that natural gas is in a gaseous phase at the bottom of the well of the systems of the invention. In fact, it must be understood that the flow control system is for use in places where the pressure and temperature are such that the natural gas will be predominantly in a liquefied state, although other components may be present and some components may be present. in a gaseous state. The inventive concept will work with liquids or gases or when both are present. [0026] The fluid flow into the production piping section 24 typically comprises more than one fluid component. Typical components are natural gas, oil, water, steam or carbon dioxide. Steam and carbon dioxide are generally used as injection fluids to drive the hydrocarbon towards the production pipeline, while natural gas, oil and water are typically found in situ. The proportion of these components in the fluid flow into each production pipeline section 24 will vary over time and based on conditions within the formation and the well bore. Likewise, the composition of the fluid flow into the various sections of production tubing over the entire length of the entire production column can vary significantly from section to section. The flow control system is designed to reduce or restrict production from any particular interval when it has a greater proportion of an unwanted component. [0027] Consequently, when a production interval corresponding to a particular flow control system, producing a greater proportion of an undesirable fluid component, the flow control system in the interval that will restrict or resist the flow of production to from that interval. Thus, the other production intervals that are producing a greater proportion of the desired fluid component, in this case oil, will contribute more to the production of flow entering the pipe column 22. In particular, the flow rate from formation 20 to the pipe column 22 will be smaller where the fluid is to flow through a flow control system (as opposed to simply flowing into the pipe column). In other words, the flow control system creates a restriction on the flow in the fluid. [0028] Although figure 1 shows a flow control system in each production interval, it should be understood that any number of systems of the present invention can be used within a production interval without departing from the principles of the present invention. Likewise, the flow control systems of the invention do not have to be associated with each production interval. They may only be present at some of the production intervals in the well bore, or they may be in the pipeline passage to address multiple production intervals. [0029] Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a sieve system 28, and an embodiment of a flow control system 25 of the invention. The production piping is defined as an internal annular space of the sieve or passage 32. Fluid flows from formation 20 inside the production piping section 24 through the sieve system 28. The specifications of the sieve system are not here explained in detail. The fluid after being filtered through the sieve system 28, flows into the inner passage 32 of the production piping section 24. As used herein, the inner passage 32 of the production piping section 24 can be an annular space, as shown, a central cylindrical space, or other arrangement. [0030] A port 42 provides fluid communication from the annular space 32 of the sieve to a flow control system having a fluid passage 44, a switch arrangement 46, and an autonomous variable flow resistance arrangement 50, such as like a vortex arrangement. If the variable flow resistance arrangement is an example of a vortex arrangement, it includes a vortex chamber 52 in fluid communication with an outlet passage 38. The outlet passage 38 directing the fluid into a passage 36 in the pipeline for production above the well, in a preferred embodiment. The passage 36 is defined in this embodiment by the tubular wall 31. [0031] The methods and apparatus described here are intended to control fluid flow based on the change in a fluid characteristic over time. Such characteristics include: viscosity, speed, flow rate and density. These characteristics are discussed in more detail in the references incorporated here. The term "viscosity", as used herein, means any of the rheological properties including kinematic viscosity, rupture stress, viscoplasticity, surface tension, wettability, etc. As the proportional quantities of the fluid components, for example, oil and natural gas, in the fluid produced change over time, the characteristics of the fluid flow also change. When the fluid contains a relatively high proportion of natural gas, for example, the density and viscosity of the fluid will be less than for oil. The behavior of fluids is dependent on the characteristics of the fluid flow. In addition, certain passage configurations will restrict flow, or provide greater resistance to flow, depending on the flow characteristics of the fluid. [0032] Figure 3 is a schematic view representative of a prior art, the autonomous flow control system of the "jet control" type 60. The system of the jet control type 60 includes a fluid selector arrangement 70, a bypass fluidic 90, and a variable flow resistance arrangement, here a vortex arrangement 100. The fluid selector arrangement 70 has a primary fluid passage 72 and a jet control arrangement 74. An example of embodiment is shown, the systems prior art are fully discussed in the references incorporated herein. An example of the system will be discussed for comparison purposes. [0033] The fluid selector arrangement 70 has a primary fluid passage 72 and a jet control arrangement 74. The jet control arrangement 74 has a single jet control passage 76. Other embodiments may employ additional jet control . The fluid F enters the fluid selector arrangement 70 in the primary passage 72 and flows towards the fluidic bypass 90. A portion of the fluid flow separates from the primary passage 72 to the jet control arrangement 74. The control arrangement jet 74 includes a jet control passage 76 having at least one inlet 77 providing fluid communication with primary passage 72, and an outlet 78 providing fluid communication from fluid deflection arrangement 90. A nozzle 71 may be provided, if desired, to create a "jet" of fluid over the outlet, but this is not necessary. Outlet 78 is connected to fluid deflection arrangement 90 and directs the fluid (or communicates hydrostatic pressure) to the fluid deflection arrangement. The outlet of the jet control 78 and the downstream portion 79 of the jet control passage 72, longitudinally overlap the lower portion 92 of the fluid deflection arrangement 90, as shown. [0034] The example of the jet control arrangement further includes, as shown, a plurality of ports 77. The ports preferably include flow control aspects 80, such as the chambers 82 shown, to control the fluid volume F that enters the jet control arrangement from the primary passage depending on the characteristic of the fluid. That is, fluid selector arrangement 70 "selects" a preferred characteristic of a fluid. In the shown embodiment, where the fluid is of a relatively higher viscosity, such as oil, the fluid flows through the inlets 77 and the control passage 76 relatively freely. The fluid leaving the downstream portion 79 of the jet control passage 72 through the nozzle 78, therefore "pushes" the fluid flowing from the primary passage after entering fluidic deflection 90 at opening 94. The control of The jet effectively directs the flow of fluid towards a selected side of the bypass arrangement. In this case, where oil production is desired, the jet control directs the flow of fluid through the switch 90 along the "top" side. That is, the fluid is directed through the switch towards the switch "over" the passage 96 which, in turn, directs the fluid into the vortex arrangement to produce a relatively direct flow towards the outlet of the vortex 102 , as indicated by the solid arrow. [0035] A relatively less viscous fluid, such as water or natural gas, will behave differently. A relatively smaller volume of fluid will enter the jet control arrangement 74 through inlets 77 and flow control aspects 80. Flow control aspects 80 are designed to produce a pressure drop which is communicated through the jet control passage 76, outlet 78 and nozzle 71, for opening 94 of the viscous switch. The pressure drop "pulls" the flow of fluid from the primary passage 72 as it enters the viscous switch opening 94. The fluid is then directed in the opposite direction of the oil, in the "out" direction of the passage 98 of the switch and into the vortex arrangement 100. In the vortex arrangement, the less viscous fluid is directed into the vortex chamber 104 through the bypass passage 98 to produce a relatively tangential spiral flow, as indicated by the arrow dashed. [0036] The fluid switch arrangement 90 extends from the downstream end of the primary passage 72 to the inlets into the vortex arrangement 60 (and does not include the vortex arrangement). The fluid enters the fluid switch from the primary port at the inlet port 93, the dividing line defined between the primary port 72 and the fluid switch 90. The fluid switch overlaps longitudinally with the downstream portion 79 of the port jet control valve 76, including outlet 78 and opening 71. Fluid from the primary passage flows into the opening 94 of the fluid switch, where it is joined and directed by a fluid entering the opening 94 from from the jet control passage 76. The fluid is directed towards one of the outlets 96 and 98 of the fluid switch, depending on the fluid characteristic at the time. The 96 "over" passage directs the fluid into the vortex arrangement to produce a relatively radial flow towards the vortex outlet and a relatively low pressure drop through the valve arrangement. Passage 98 ("outside") directs the fluid into the vortex arrangement to produce a relatively spiral flow, thereby inducing a relatively high pressure drop between the autonomous valve arrangement. The fluid will often flow through both outlet passages 96 and 98, as shown. It should be noted, that a fluid switch and a viscous switch are different types of switches. [0037] The vortex arrangement 100 has inlet ports 106 and 108 corresponding to the outlets 96 and 98 of the viscous switch. The behavior of the fluid inside the vortex chamber 104 has already been described. The fluid exits through the vortex outlet 102. Reeds or optional directional devices 110 can be used as desired. [0038] More complete descriptions of, and alternative designs for, jet control employing the autonomous valve arrangement, can be found in the references incorporated herein. For example, in some embodiments, the jet control arrangement divides the flow into several control passages, the proportion of the flow through the passages depends on the flow characteristic, pass geometries, etc. [0039] Figures 4A-B are flowcharts comparing the prior art, of the autonomous valve arrangement of the jet control type, and the autonomous valve arrangement of the viscous switch type presented here. The flowchart of the viscous switch-type autonomous valve in figure 4A starts with the fluid, F, flowing through an inlet passage in step 112, and then affected by an induction mechanism in step 113, which influences the flow of fluid within the viscous switch based on a characteristic of the fluid that changes over time. The fluid then flows into the viscous switch in step 114 where the fluid flow is directed towards a selected side of the switch (outside or over, for example). Any control jets are employed. [0040] Figure 4B is a flow chart for an autonomous standard valve arrangement. In step 115 the fluid, F, flows through the inlet passage, then into a fluid selector arrangement in step 116. The fluid selector arrangement selects whether or not the fluid will be produced based on a characteristic of fluid that changes over time. The fluid flows through at least one jet control in steps 117a and 117b and then into the fluid switch, such as a bistable switch, in step 118. [0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of an autonomous viscous switch type valve according to an aspect of the invention. The viscous switch autonomous control valve 120 has an inlet passage 130, an induction mechanism 140, a viscous switch arrangement 160, and a variable flow resistance arrangement, here a vortex arrangement 180. [0042] Inlet passage 130 communicates fluid from a source, such as forming fluid from an annular sieve, etc., to induction mechanism 140. Fluid flow and fluid velocity in the passage it is substantially symmetrical. The inlet passage extends, as indicated, and ends at the induction mechanism. The inlet passage has an upstream end 132 and a downstream end 134. [0043] The induction mechanism 140 is in fluid communication with the inlet passage 130 and the viscous switch arrangement 160. The induction mechanism 140 can take various forms, as described herein. [0044] The example of the induction mechanism 140 has a passage of the induction mechanism 141 that extends, as shown, from the downstream end of the inlet passage to the upstream end of the viscous switch. In a preferred embodiment, the induction mechanism 140 is defined by an enlargement of the passage 142, as shown. The widening of the passage 142 extends from a first area of the cross section (for example, measured using the width and height of a rectangular cross section where the enlarged entrances and passages are tubular in a rectangular shape, or measured using a diameter where the entry passage and the enlarged passages are substantially cylindrical) at its upstream end 144, to a second major transverse area at its downstream end 146. The discussion is in terms of the rectangular transverse passages. The enlarged passage 142 of the induction mechanism can be thought of as having two longitudinally extending "sides", a first side 148 and a second side 150 defined by a first side wall 152 and a second side wall 154. The first side wall 152 is substantially coextensive with the corresponding first side wall 136 of the entrance passage 130. The second side wall 154, however, diverges from the corresponding second side wall 138 of the entrance passage, thus increasing the induction mechanism from its first to its second cross-sectional area. The walls of the entrance passage are substantially parallel. In a preferred embodiment, the angle a of widening between the first and second side walls 152 and 154 is approximately five degrees. [0045] The viscous switch 160 communicates the fluid from the induction mechanism to the vortex arrangement. The viscous switch has an upstream end 162 and a downstream end 164. The viscous switch defines an "over" and an "out" passage 166 and 168, respectively, at its downstream end. The outlets are in fluid communication with the vortex arrangement 180. As its name implies, the viscous switch directs the flow of fluid to a selected outlet passage. The viscous switch can be designed as having first and second sides 170 and 172, respectively, corresponding to the first and second sides of the induction mechanism. The first and second side walls 174 and 176 diverge from the first and second induction mechanism walls, creating an enlarged cross-sectional area in the switch chamber 178. The clearance angles p and 5 are defined, as shown, according to the angle between the wall of the viscous switch and a line normal to the walls of the inlet passages (and the first side wall of the induction mechanism). The clearance angle õ on the second side is less than the clearance angle p on the first side. For example, the pitch angle p can be approximately 80 degrees, while the pitch angle õ is approximately 75 degrees. [0046] The vortex arrangement 180 has inlet ports 186 and 188 corresponding to the outlets 166 and 168 of the viscous switch. The behavior of the fluid inside a vortex chamber 184 that has already been described. The fluid exits through vortex outlet 182. Reeds or optional directional devices 190 can be used as desired. [0047] In use, a more viscous fluid, such as oil, "follows" the enlargement. In other words, the more viscous fluid tends to "adhere" to the divergent (second) wall of the induction mechanism in addition to that adhered to the non-divergent (first) wall. That is, the fluid flow rate and / or the velocity distribution of the fluid across the cross section at the downstream end 146 of the induction mechanism are relatively symmetrical from the first to the second sides. With the shallow clearance angle exiting the induction mechanism, the more viscous fluid follows, or adheres to, the second wall of the viscous switch. The switch therefore directs the fluid towards the outlet of the selected switch. [0048] On the other hand, a less viscous fluid, such as water or natural gas, does not tend to "follow" the diverging wall. Consequently, a relatively less symmetrical flow distribution occurs at the outlet of the induction mechanism. The flow distribution in a cross section received at the downstream end of the induction mechanism is induced to guide the fluid flow towards the first side 170 of the viscous switch. As a result, the fluid flow is directed to the first side of the viscous switch, and to the "out" passage of the switch. [0049] Figure 6 is a graphical representation of a relatively more viscous fluid flowing through the arrangement example. Similar pieces are numbered and will not be discussed again. The less viscous fluid, such as oil, flows through the inlet passage and into the induction mechanism. The oil follows the diverging wall of the induction mechanism, resulting in a relatively symmetrical flow distribution at the downstream end of the induction mechanism. The detail shows a graphical representation of a speed distribution 196 at the downstream end. The velocity curve is generally symmetrical across the gap. Similar distributions are observed for flow rates, mass flow rates, etc. [0050] A difference was recorded between the fluid switch (as in Figure 3) and the viscous switch of the invention. An asymmetric outlet angle in the fluid switch arrangement directs the generally symmetrical flow (of the fluid entering the fluid switch) towards the selected outlet. The induction mechanism in the viscous switch creates an asymmetric flow distribution at the output of the induction mechanism (and switch input), which asymmetrically directs the fluid in the direction of the selected outlet. (Not all fluid will flow normally through a single outlet, it must be understood that one outlet is selected with less than all the fluid flowing through it). [0051] Figure 7 is a graphical representation of a relatively less viscous fluid flowing through the arrangement example. Similar parts are numbered and will not be discussed again. The less viscous fluid, such as water or natural gas, flows through the inlet passage and into the induction mechanism. Water cannot follow the diverging wall of the induction mechanism (compared to the more viscous fluid), resulting in an induced or relatively asymmetric flow distribution at the downstream end of the induction mechanism. The detail shows a graphical representation of a speed distribution 198 at the downstream end. The velocity curve is generally asymmetric across the gap. [0052] The above discussion addresses viscosity as the characteristic of interest of the fluid, however, other characteristics can be selected such as flow rate, speed, etc. In addition, the configuration can be designed to "select" the relatively higher or lower fluid viscosity by reversing which side of the switch produces the spiral flow, etc. These variations are discussed extensively in the incorporated references. [0053] Additional embodiments can be employed using various induction mechanisms to direct the flow of fluid towards or away from one side of the viscous switch. The use of these variations will not be discussed in detail when their use is similar to that described above. Similar numbers are used throughout the description and whenever necessary, and may not be used. [0054] Figure 8 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having an induction mechanism employing wall contour elements. Inlet passage 130 directs the fluid into the induction mechanism 140. The second side 150 of the induction mechanism is relatively smooth in contour. The first side 148 of the passage of the induction mechanism has one or more contour elements 200 which are provided in the first side wall 152 of the induction mechanism. Here, the contour elements are circular cavities extending laterally from the passage of the induction mechanism. As the fluid, F, flows along the induction mechanism, the contour elements 200 displace the centerline of the flow and change the distribution of the fluid in the induction mechanism. (Distributions may or may not be symmetric). Similar to refraction of light, the contours appear to contribute to fluid resistance and to refract fluid flow. This refracted fluid creates an induction used by the switch to control the direction of fluid flow. As a result, a more viscous fluid, such as oil, flows towards the second side 172 of the viscous switch, as indicated by the solid arrow. A relatively less viscous fluid, such as water or natural gas, is directed in the other direction, towards the first side 170 of the viscous switch, as indicated by the dashed line. [0055] It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other elements of curved, linear, or curvilinear contour could be used, such as triangular cuts, sawtooth cuts, Tesla fluid diodes, sinusoidal contours, ramps, etc. [0056] Figure 9 is a schematic view in detail of an alternative embodiment of the invention having an induction element including contour elements and a staggered cross-sectional shape. The induction mechanism 140 has a plurality of contour elements 202 along one side of the passage 141 of the induction mechanism. The contour elements 202 here are of different dimensions, curved or hollow cutouts extending laterally from the passage of the induction mechanism 141. The contour elements affect the distribution of fluid in the passage. [0057] Another type of induction mechanism is also shown, an exit step 204, or a sudden change in the cross section of the passage. The passage 141 of the induction mechanism has a first cross section 206 along the upstream portion of the passage. At a downstream point, the cross section changes abruptly to a second cross section 208. This abrupt change changes the distribution of the fluid at the downstream end of the induction mechanism. The cross-sectional changes can be used alone or in combination with additional elements (as shown), and can be positioned before or after such elements. In addition, the change in cross-section can be from major to minor, and can change in shape, for example, from circular to square, etc. [0058] The induction mechanism causes the fluid to flow towards one side of the viscous switch, for a more viscous fluid, and the other side for a less viscous fluid. [0059] Figure 9 also shows an alternative embodiment for outlet passages 166 and 168 of the viscous switch. Here a plurality of outlet passages 166 "over" directs the fluid from the viscous switch to the vortex arrangement 180. The fluid is directed substantially radially into the vortex chamber 184, resulting in a more direct flow to the vortex outlet 182 and a consequent lower pressure drop through the device. The outflow passage 168 "out" of the viscous switch directs fluid into the vortex chamber 184 substantially tangentially, resulting in a spiral flow through the chamber, and a relatively greater pressure drop through the device than would otherwise be the case. created. [0060] Figure 10 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention, having fluidic diode in the form of cutouts as contour elements in the induction mechanism. The induction mechanism 140 has one or more contour elements in the form of fluid diodes 210 along a side wall that affect the distribution of the flow in the passage of the induction mechanism 141 and at its downstream end. The flow distribution, which changes in response to changes in fluid characteristics, directs the fluid towards the selected sides of the viscous switch. [0061] Figure 11 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having Tesla 212 diodes along the first side 148 of the fluid passage 141. Tesla diodes affect the flow distribution of the induction mechanism. The flow distribution changes in response to changes in fluid characteristics, thus directing the fluid towards the selected sides of the viscous switch. [0062] Figure 12 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having a chicane 214, or a section of the passage of the induction mechanism 141 having a plurality of curves 216 created by flow obstacles 218 and 220 positioned along the sides of the passage. The chicane affects the flow distribution in the induction mechanism. The flow distribution changes in response to changes in fluid characteristics, thus directing the fluid towards the selected sides of the viscous switch. In the example of the shown embodiment, flow obstacles 218 along the opposite side are semicircular in shape, while flow obstacles 220 are substantially triangular or ramp-shaped. Other shapes, numbers, sizes and positions can be used for the chicane elements. [0063] Figure 13 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention having a passage of the induction mechanism 141 with a curved section 222. The curved section operates to accelerate the fluid along the concave side of the passage. The curved section affects the flow distribution in the induction mechanism. The flow distribution changes in response to changes in fluid characteristics, thus directing the fluid towards the selected sides of the viscous switch. Other and multiple curved sections can be used. [0064] The invention can also be used with other flow control systems, such as inlet control devices, sliding gloves, and other flow control devices that are well known in the industry. The inventive system can be either parallel or in series with these other flow control systems. [0065] Although this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be interpreted in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the description. Consequently, the attached claims are intended to encompass all such modifications or embodiments. [0066] Additionally, the invention can be used to select more viscous fluids in addition to less viscous fluids, or vice versa. For example, it may be desirable for the production of natural gas, but restricted to the production of water, etc. The following United States patents and patent applications, referenced by patent numbers or serial numbers of patent applications, are each incorporated herein by reference for all purposes, including the provision of support for any subject claimed: United States patent serial numbers: 12/700685, Method and Apparatus for Autonomous Downhole Fluid Selection with Pathway Dependent Resistance System; 12/750476, Tubular Embedded Nozzle Assembly for Controlling the Flow Rate of Fluids Downhole; 12/791993, Flow Path Control Based on Fluid Characteristics to Thereby Variably Resist Flow in a Subterranean Well; 12/792095, Alternating Flow Resistance Increases and Decreases for Propagating Pressure Pulses in a Subterranean Well; 12/792117, Variable Flow Resistance System for Use in a Subterranean Well; 12/792146, Variable Flow Resistance System With Circulation Inducing Structure Therein to Variably Resist Flow in a Subterranean Well; 12/879846, Series Configured Variable Flow Restrictors For Use In A Subterranean Well; 12/869836, Variable Flow Restrictor For Use In A Subterranean Well; 12/958625, A Device For Directing The Flow Of A Fluid Using A Pressure Switch; 12/974212, An Exit Assembly With a Fluid Director for Inducing and Impeding Rotational Flow of a Fluid; and 12/966772, Downhole Fluid Flow Control System and Method Having Direction Dependent Flow Resistance. Each of the incorporated references described further details methods and devices related to autonomous fluid control.
权利要求:
Claims (18) [0001] 1. Method for controlling the flow of fluid in a well bore by extending through an underground formation, the fluid having a characteristic that changes over time, the fluid flowing through an inlet passage (130), characterized by the fact that a flow induction mechanism (140) comprising a wider passage (142) narrowed at the upstream end (130) and wider at the downstream end (134), the downstream end (134) of the induction mechanism ( 140) defines two sides (170, 172) which connect the corresponding first (148) and second (150) sides of a fluid switch arrangement, corresponding to the first (õ) and second ((3) spacing angles defined in the connections , and the first spacing angle (õ) is less than the second spacing angle (| 3), and a variable flow resistance arrangement (50), the method comprising the following steps: -fluid the fluid through the entrance passage (130); creating a first distribution of the fluid flow through an outlet of the flow induction mechanism (140); then - changing the first fluid flow distribution to a second flow distribution through the outlet of the flow induction mechanism (140) in response to a change in the fluid characteristic; and - changing the fluid flow resistance of the variable flow resistance arrangement (50) in response to changing the distribution of flow from the outlet of the flow induction mechanism (140). [0002] 2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises the step of flowing the fluid to the surface or into the formation. [0003] 3. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises the steps of establishing a first flow pattern in the variable flow resistance arrangement (50), and then changing the flow in the variable flow resistance arrangement ( 50) for a second flow pattern in response to the change in fluid flow through the outlet of the flow induction mechanism (140). [0004] 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid characteristic is one of fluid velocity, density, flow rate, and velocity. [0005] 5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fluid flow distribution is symmetrical. [0006] Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction mechanism (140) includes at least one contour element (200) along at least one side of the induction mechanism (140). [0007] Method according to claim 6, characterized in that each contour element (200) comprises a cavity extending laterally. [0008] 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that each contour element (200) includes a cylindrical section. [0009] 9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction mechanism (140) includes a first section having a first cross-sectional dimension and a second adjacent section having a second cross-sectional dimension different from the first dimension of transversal section. [0010] 10. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction mechanism (140) includes one or more diodes (210, 212) formed along the wall of the induction mechanism (140). [0011] 11. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction mechanism (140) includes a chicane (214) defined in the induction mechanism (140). [0012] 12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the chicane (214) includes a plurality of flow obstructions in a first and a second side of the induction mechanism (140). [0013] 13. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the step of flowing the fluid through a curved section (222) of a passage of the induction mechanism (140). [0014] 14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the variable flow resistance arrangement (50) includes an autonomous valve arrangement (120). [0015] 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the autonomous valve arrangement (120) further includes a vortex arrangement (180). [0016] 16. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it further comprises the step of flowing the fluid through a fluid switch (160) between the induction mechanism (140) and the variable flow resistance arrangement (50 ). [0017] 17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the fluid switch (160) defines at least one flow passage having an inlet coinciding with the outlet of the inlet passage. [0018] 18. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises the step of increasing the resistance of the fluid flow of an undesirable fluid.
类似技术:
公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题 BR112013025884B1|2020-07-28|method to control the flow of fluid in a well bore extending through an underground formation CA2853032C|2016-11-29|Fluid flow control BR112014010371B1|2020-12-15|APPLIANCE TO CONTROL FLUID FLOW AUTONOMY IN AN UNDERGROUND WELL AND METHOD TO CONTROL FLUID FLOW IN AN UNDERGROUND WELL EP2675994B1|2018-04-25|Autonomous fluid control assembly having a movable, density-driven diverter for directing fluid flow in a fluid control system BR112014013596B1|2020-09-29|BIDIRECTIONAL WELL FUND FLOW FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM AND BIDIRECTIONAL WELL FUND FLOW FLOW CONTROL METHOD BRPI1103144A2|2016-07-12|well system BR112012018831B1|2019-12-17|well device for installation in an underground wellbore and method for controlling fluid flow in an underground wellbore BRPI0714025A2|2012-12-18|method for autonomously adjusting fluid flow through a valve or flow control device and self-adjusting | valve or flow control device US9404349B2|2016-08-02|Autonomous fluid control system having a fluid diode BR112014010865B1|2021-02-09|fluid discriminator RU2577347C2|2016-03-20|System with varying flow drag to prevent ingress of unwanted fluid through well US10174587B2|2019-01-08|Fluid flow sensor BR112014011842B1|2020-06-23|DEVICE TO CONTROL FLUID FLOW AUTONOMY IN AN UNDERGROUND WELL AND METHOD OF MAINTAINING A WELL HOLE RU2574093C2|2016-02-10|Fluid flow control method for self-contained valve | BR102013000995B1|2021-11-16|FLOW CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING FLOW IN AN UNDERGROUND WELL HOLE BR102013001846A2|2015-07-07|Well device for installation in an underground wellbore and method for controlling flow in an underground wellbore BR102013000995A2|2015-05-12|Flow control device and method for controlling flow in an underground wellbore
同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 CN103492671B|2017-02-08| CA2828689C|2016-12-06| US20120255740A1|2012-10-11| AU2012240325A1|2013-09-19| BR112013025884A2|2017-11-14| US20140284062A9|2014-09-25| SG193332A1|2013-10-30| MX2013011647A|2014-03-05| WO2012138681A2|2012-10-11| US20140048280A9|2014-02-20| CA2828689A1|2012-10-11| US9260952B2|2016-02-16| EP2694776A2|2014-02-12| AU2012240325B2|2016-11-10| WO2012138681A3|2013-01-03| EP2694776B1|2018-06-13| MY164163A|2017-11-30| RU2013148470A|2015-05-20| CN103492671A|2014-01-01| MX352073B|2017-11-08| CO6781530A2|2013-10-31| EP2694776A4|2015-09-09|
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法律状态:
2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law| 2019-10-29| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure| 2020-06-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant| 2020-07-28| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 04/04/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 US201161473669P| true| 2011-04-08|2011-04-08| US61/473,669|2011-04-08| PCT/US2012/032044|WO2012138681A2|2011-04-08|2012-04-04|Method and apparatus for controlling fluid flow in an autonomous valve using a sticky switch| 相关专利
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